New to me since yesterday. I guessed it was connected to chlorine … that’s all.
Long story short, I recently realised my municipal water supply adds Chloromine to purify the water, not just chlorine. I used to leave water from the tap stand ingfor a while, assuming the chlorine (gas) dissipated; Chlorine is allegedly lighter than air … then I remembered WW1 and the chlorine gas:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_weapons_in_World_War_I
“”It may appear from a feldpost letter of Major Karl von Zingler that the first chlorine gas attack by German forces took place before 2 January 1915: “In other war theatres it does not go better and it has been said that our Chlorine is very effective. 140 English officers have been killed. This is a horrible weapon …”.[15] This letter must be discounted as evidence for early German use of chlorine, however, because the date “2 January 1915” may have been hastily scribbled instead of the intended “2 January 1916,” the sort of common typographical error that is often made at the beginning of a new year. The deaths of so many English officers from gas at this time would certainly have been met with outrage, but a recent, extensive study of British reactions to chemical warfare says nothing of this supposed attack.[16] “
So- it may have been NDNGH! Boom another sync for those who see!
BUT that’s a side issue for another time …
https://web.archive.org/web/20070814054640/http://cbwinfo.com/Chemical/Pulmonary/CG.shtml
Back onto the Chloromine trail
https://www.echemi.com/cms/665690.html
What Chlorine Gas Is
Chlorine gas is a chemical compound consisting of one chlorine atom and two atoms of oxygen. It’s poisonous, colorless, flammable, and heavier than air-which means it will sink to low areas in your home or business before spreading out. If it can find its way into your lungs through a small opening, that’s where it will do some serious damage.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorine
“As a common disinfectant, elemental chlorine and chlorine-generating compounds are used more directly in swimming pools to keep them sanitary. Elemental chlorine at high concentration is extremely dangerous, and poisonous to most living organisms. As a chemical warfare agent, chlorine was first used in World War I as a poison gas weapon.”
https://www.fishkeeping.co.uk/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?post_id=317939
“Municipal water is typically disinfected with trace amounts of harmful chemicals, like chlorine or chloramine. This method of disinfection is low-cost, so it’s an affordable option for large-scale applications at water treatment plants. It also protects water throughout its journey through the municipal water system to homes and businesses in a neighbourhood.”
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_chlorination
“Disinfection by chlorination can be problematic in some circumstances. Chlorine can react with naturally occurring organic compounds found in the water supply to produce compounds known as disinfection by-products (DBPs). “
” The World Health Organization has stated that “the risks to health from these by-products are extremely small in comparison with the risks associated with inadequate disinfection”.[2]“
“Monochloramine, the most abundant chloramine, is recognized as a less
effective disinfectant than chlorine and is used as a secondary disinfectant to maintain a residual in distribution systems.”
“An additional uncertainty factor for possible carcinogenicity was not
applied because equivocal cancer effects reported in the NTP study in
only one species and in only one sex were within the range observed in
historical controls.”
“Dichloramine and trichloramine have not been extensively studied, and available data are inadequate.”
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32842654/
“The formation of potentially carcinogenic N-nitrosamines, associated with monochloramine, requires further research due to the growing interest in using this biocide for the secondary disinfection of water in public and private buildings. “
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32889516/
“Chlorination, because of its removal efficiency and cost effectiveness, has been widely used as method of disinfection of water. But, disinfection process may add several kinds of disinfection by-products (DBPs) (∼600-700 in numbers) in the treated water such as Trihalomethanes (THM), Haloacetic acids (HAA) etc. which are detrimental to the human beings in terms of cytotoxicity, mutagenicity, teratogenicity and carcinogenicity. In water, THMs and HAAs were observed in the range from 0.138 to 458 μg/L and 0.16-136 μg/L, respectively. Thus, several regulations have been specified by world authorities like WHO, USEPA and Bureau of Indian Standard to protect human health.”
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0959652620332042
“… epidemiological confirmations of close connection between its emergence and unfavourable results especially the malignant growths of fundamental organs in individuals. Concerns related with the prospective health hazards of DBPs provoked a few industrialized nations to build up various guidelines. Due to lack of data more research is required to understand its adverse health effects on human beings which are being restrained by funds required for researches. DPBs dermal and inhalation exposure routes have greater risk as compared to ingestion route. “
https://waterfilterguru.com/benefits-of-well-water/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monochloramine
“Monochloramine, often called chloramine, is the chemical compound with the formula NH2Cl. Together with dichloramine (NHCl2) and nitrogen trichloride (NCl3), it is one of the three chloramines of ammonia.[3] It is a colorless liquid at its melting point of −66 °C (−87 °F), but it is usually handled as a dilute aqueous solution, in which form it is sometimes used as a disinfectant. Chloramine is too unstable to have its boiling point measured.[4]“
Chloramine is hard to get out of tap water without expensive filter treatment. Several examples are shown here:
https://www.practicalfishkeeping.co.uk/fishkeeping-news/scottish-water-step-up-chloramination/
Not sure what I can do about it as it’s pervasive: I’ve been drinking it/washing in it for years, decades
https://www.scottishwater.co.uk/en/Help-and-Resources/FAQs/Water-FAQs/Chloramination-FAQs
https://dwqr.scot/public-water-supply/drinking-water-quality-faqs/chloramination/